Several simple lightning protection methods in life
1. How does the human body protect against lightning?
Answer: When a person is struck by lightning, electric current passes through the human body rapidly, which can cause paralysis of the respiratory center, cardiac arrest, and varying degrees of burns. In severe cases, brain tissue hypoxia can lead to death.
In the summer when lightning is frequent, people should pay great attention to lightning protection. When lightning occurs, you should try to avoid using household appliances such as radios, televisions, computers, telephones, etc. Outdoor antennas and power cords should be well grounded, and air conditioners, refrigerators, and range hoods should also be stopped to prevent induction of lightning and lightning waves. Doors and windows of the house should be closed. For families where conditions permit, metal mesh covers can be installed on the doors and windows and are well grounded to prevent ball lightning from entering the house. If you are outdoors, you should promptly enter a place with lightning protection facilities during a thunderstorm, and do not take shelter under isolated poles, eaves, trees, or chimneys. When lightning is very close, do not open an umbrella with iron poles, keep away from metal objects above your head, and do not use mobile phones to avoid direct lightning strikes. When working in paddy fields or swimming in rivers, you should leave the water immediately to prevent lightning from being struck by lightning through the conduction of water. During a thunderstorm, if you feel numbness in your head, neck, or body, this is a sign that you are about to be struck by lightning, and you should lie down immediately. In case of encountering a person knocked unconscious by lightning, artificial respiration and external heart compression massage should be performed immediately, and the person should be sent to the hospital for rescue in time.
2. How to protect buildings from lightning?
Answer: The number of tall buildings (structures) in the city continues to increase, and cold-shrinkable cable terminals cause lightning strike accidents to continue to intensify; modern electronic equipment with weak anti-interference capabilities such as communication and computer networks in buildings (structures) is becoming more and more popular; many tall buildings (structures) have imperfect protection facilities, which makes their lightning protection capabilities inherently insufficient; a large number of communication and computer network systems are put into use without lightning protection devices designed and installed in strict accordance with national technical specifications. These have become important reasons for the frequent occurrence of lightning disasters.
The key to preventing lightning disasters is prevention. Tall buildings (structures) must install lightning protection facilities in accordance with regulatory requirements, and strict design review, construction supervision, and completion acceptance of lightning protection facilities for buildings (structures) must be carried out. Carry out extensive publicity on lightning protection knowledge, especially for owners of tall buildings (structures), and investigate them one by one, take timely measures when problems are found, and make rectifications within a time limit. Units that do not have the qualifications and certificates to design and construct lightning protection facilities must be resolutely banned to prevent problems before they occur.
In addition, necessary projects must conduct lightning disaster risk assessment.
3. How to protect against lightning in flammable and explosive places?
Answer: Gas stations, liquefied gas stations, natural gas stations, oil pipelines, oil storage tanks (pools), oil wells, ammunition depots and other flammable and explosive places lack necessary lightning protection facilities, which will cause heavy losses due to lightning disasters. In addition to installing facilities to prevent direct lightning strikes, such places must also install anti-static induction lightning and anti-electromagnetic induction lightning devices for gas (oil) tanks (pools), pipelines, equipment, etc., designate dedicated personnel to take care of them, deal with problems in a timely manner if problems are found, and regularly apply for testing from professional testing agencies.
4. How to protect computers and their sites from lightning?
Answer: In order to prevent computers and their local area networks or wide area networks from being struck by lightning, many units simply install lightning arresters on the modems connected to external lines on European cable connectors. However, since electrostatic induction lightning and anti-electromagnetic induction lightning mainly damage equipment through power supply lines, the lightning protection of computer information systems is first to reasonably install power supply arresters, and secondly to install signal line and antenna feeder arresters. If the equipment configuration of the building information system includes a computer center room, a program-controlled switch room and a confidential equipment room, then a power surge arrester must be installed at the main power supply. According to relevant standards, lightning arresters must be installed in Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2 respectively (Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2 are divided according to the intensity of lightning occurrence). A series power surge arrester (multi-stage integrated type) must be installed at the front end of each equipment to suppress the energy induced by lightning to the maximum extent. At the same time, computer center MODEMs, routers, and even HUBs all have lines going out of the house. These lines going out of the house should be regarded as lightning introduction channels, and signal arresters should be installed. While protecting computers and other electronic equipment in the building, it will be safer to install lightning protection facilities on buildings (structures).
5. Lightning protection for high voltage equipment
Answer: High-voltage equipment such as power stations, high-voltage substations, and high-voltage transmission lines in the power system can easily generate ultra-high voltage when lightning occurs, causing equipment damage. Usually in engineering, one or more levels of defense are often adopted based on the importance of the equipment and its ability to withstand high voltages. By using methods such as grounding of transmission network hardware, parallel capacitors or transformer isolation between phase lines and ground lines, the amplitude of high-voltage lightning pulses is reduced, so that equipment is protected.
6. How does a lightning rod protect against lightning?
Answer: Use lightning rods as lightning protection for air terminals. The lightning rod is connected to the ground through wires and forms an equal potential difference with the ground. It uses its own height to distort the electric field of the lightning cloud where the electric field intensity increases to the extreme value, begins to ionize and discharges a downward leader; the lightning rod generates tip discharge under the action of the strong electric field; an upward leader discharge is formed; the two converge to form a lightning path, which then flows into the earth to achieve the lightning protection effect.
In fact, the lightning protection device is a lightning rod, which can attract the surrounding lightning and discharge it in advance, and transmit the lightning current to the ground through its own grounding conductor to prevent the protected object from being directly struck by lightning. The installed lightning rods and wires must have good electrical conductivity, and the grounding grid must ensure that the impedance value is as small as possible. According to the different lightning protection lines of the protected objects, they are divided into single lightning protection wires, double lightning protection wires or multiple lightning protection wires. Lightning protection lines with different cross-sectional areas can be specifically determined according to the shape and volume of the protected object. Lightning protection wires generally use galvanized steel strands with a cross-sectional area of not less than 35 square millimeters. Its protective effect is equivalent to that every point on the arc sag is a lightning rod of equal height.
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